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Razgrafka zon sk 6310/28/2022 ![]() ![]() ![]() In this paper, a derivation and modeling of a system model of the integrated system for a 27-states Kalman filter is presented. The Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) integration becomes very important for high speed flying vehicles as a navigation solution. SHRRF provides a precise regional reference frame for use in many East China geophysical applications besides reclaimed coast–land settlement including hydrologic loading, microplate motions, and critical structure deformation monitoring. The model indicates that ~50% of settlements occurred within 3.6 years, with the whole subsidence time being 46 years. A temporal consolidation settlement model of the reclaimed soil under self−weight was established by combining a geotechnical−derived model with high precision permanent GNSS vertical solutions under SHRRF. Simultaneously, compared with the ITRF14 solutions, the average RMSE for each site at all epochs was reduced by ~30% horizontally and ~10% vertically. The average root mean square error (RMSE) of all stations under SHRRF was within 1.5 mm horizontally and 5 mm vertically for most epochs. The instantaneous station coordinates and seven frame parameters (translations, rotations, and scale) were estimated at each epoch through minimum constraint during the process of aligning SHRRF to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF14). A well−distributed core station network suitable for regional applications was derived. This study implemented a stable Regional Reference Frame in Shanghai, East China (called SHRRF), using seven years of continuous GNSS observations from the Shanghai Continuously Operating Reference System stations (SHCORS) to examine reclaimed coast–land subsidence. ![]()
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